India's Defence Research and Development Organisation has made many significant achievements in the recent past. Many of the important systems developed by the agency were inducted/accepted by the armed services.
The production value of systems based on technologies developed by the DRDO (inducted/accepted/orders placed) during the past one decade is well over Rs 110,000 crore.
Let's take a look at some of the best technologies that DRDO has given India
Agni missile
________________________________________
Under its missile development programme, the DRDO has been developing ballistic missiles with longer ranges.
Agni-III is capable of carrying warheads weighing up to 1.5 tons, is 16 metres tall and weighs 48 tons.
Agni-I is a 750-800 km short-range missile. Agni-II has a range of more than 1,500 km. Both have already been inducted in the armed forces.
Agni-III is capable of reaching strategic targets deep inside China like Beijing and Shanghai. The 5,000 km-range Agni-V is a further advancement of the existing systems and is expected to be test-fired later this year.
Prithvi missile
________________________________________
Considered a world-class medium range missile, Prithvi, with a range of over 150 km has been inducted into the armed forces. The army had raised two specially trained missile groups, 333 and 355, to handle it.
The 8.56-metre-long missile is part of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme.
The Prithvi-I (150 km/1,000 kg) in army service, is capable of striking about a quarter of Pakistani territory, including Islamabad and most other major cities.
Prithvi-II (250 km/500 kg), in air force service, could strike at least half of Pakistan, including almost all military targets of importance and all major cities.
Akash missile
________________________________________
Akash is a mobile area defence medium-range medium and high altitude surface-to-air missile with a range of 27 to 30 kilometres.
It is said to be indigenously developed, though it has a very strong resemblance to the Russian SA-6 GAINFUL. Akash has a multi-target handling capability, and employs a command guidance system with provision for terminal guidance. Powered by a ram rocket propulsion and an air breathing engine, Akash can cut through electronic jamming with its electronic counter measure equipment.
Akash has a launch weight of 720 kg, a diameter of 35 cm and a length of 5.8 metres. It can fly at supersonic speed of around 2.5 Mach and can reach an altitude of 18 kms. It has a capacity to carry 50 kg payload.
Orders worth over Rs 25,000 crore for surface-to-air missile AKASH have been placed by the users. These include eight squadron for the IAF and two regiments for the army.
Endo-Atmospheric Interceptor
________________________________________
The DRDO has carried out successful flight tests of the missile defence system for 2,000 km class target were carried out.
Each flight led to a direct target hit and disintegration of the target.
The interceptor, designed for endo-atmospheric conditions (up to an altitude of 30 km) is a seven-metre-long and single stage solid rocket propelled guided missile, and is equipped with an inertial navigation system, a hi-tech computer and an electro-mechanical activator totally under command by the data uplinked from the sophisticated ground-based radars to the interceptor.
Similarly, the interceptor designed for exo-atmospheric conditions is a two-stage missile with a maximum interception altitude of 80 km
Nag Anti-Tank missile
________________________________________
Nag is a third- generation "fire and forget" anti-tank guided missile with a range of 4 to 6 kilometres. Nag can be mounted on an infantry combat vehicle and helicopter launched version of Nag is also available.
Nag is a third generation anti-tank missile system with "fire and forget" and "top attack" capabilities.
Capable of defeating modern armour, Nag uses Imaging Infra-Red guidance having both day and night capability.
The state-of-the-art Imaging Infra Red homing guidance system has lock-on-before-launch capability for day and night operation.
BrahMos cruise missile
________________________________________
The BrahMos missile is a two-stage vehicle that has a solid propellant booster and a liquid (propellant) ram jet system.
The missile can fly at 2.8 times the speed of sound. It can carry warheads up to 200 kg in weight and has a maximum range of 290 km.
The missile is capable of being launched from multiple platforms based on land, sea, sub-sea and air. The modular design of the missile and its capability of being launched at different orientations enables it to be integrated with a wide spectrum of platforms like warships, submarines, different types of aircraft, mobile autonomous launchers and silos.
Thus, BrahMos block II with target discrimination precision strike capabilities has been test-fired. Similarly, BrahMos block III with capability for steep diving from high altitudes and high manoeuvres at multiple points during supersonic flight has also been test fired.
Light Combat Aircraft Tejas
________________________________________
In the area of Aeronautics, Tejas, the Light Combat Aircraft concluded its extensive flight tests including weapon trials, dropping of bombs, jettisoning drop tanks and night flights; leading to its Initial Operational Clearance on January 10, 2011.
The LCA is the smallest and lightest combat jet in the world.
Confusion may arise with respect to the South Korean T-50, but it must be remembered that T-50 is primarily a hybrid trainer, that can assume fighter roles when necessary. The T-50 has a higher height and longer wingspan than the LCA, while its length is shorter by 22 cm.
Over 1,640 flights covering a period of over 969 hours have been completed by Tejas Mark 01. The first prototype of LCA Navy was rolled out and its induction tests were concluded.
Aerial Vehicles
________________________________________
In tune with changing war of scenario, DRDO gave major thrust to develop Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Rustom-1: The Rustom 1 has a planned endurance of 12-15 hours, can carry payloads of up to 75kg and has a maximum ceiling of 25,000ft. The UAV's datalink was designed and developed by India's Defence Electronics Applications Laboratory, while its airframe and most of its electronics were produced by Indian companies.
Nishant: In a battlefield, Nishant can help army units to acquire targets to direct heavy artillery shelling and for guiding fighter aircraft to fire rockets and drop precision bombs at enemy positions and in an anti-tank role. Nishant, a remotely piloted vehicle (RPV) designed and developed by ADE, has an endurance of four to five hours and a range of 100 km in its primary roles. Flying at a speed of 40 to 60 metres per second, the UAV is capable of relaying data in real time to the army units moving forward in a battlefield condition.
Micro Aerial Vehicles: MAVs weigh only 300 grams and are 300 millimetres long. Since they are not entirely made of metal and carbon fibres, they are hard to intercept by radars and sensors. These MAVs have a range of two to five kilometres and they fly some 100 to 200 metres above the ground for 30-40 minutes and capture images.
Sudarshan Missile System And Kaveri Engine
________________________________________
Sudarshan: The Sudarshan missile has been developed indigenously to occupy the niche of a precision delivery mechanism. It can neutralise any target in a 800-1,000 km range with a zero margin of error.
Sudarshan will use a laser of a specific frequency bandwidth to locate the target. The laser creates a heat signature on the target. The missile recognises the signature and homes in on it even if the target is moving
Kaveri: The Kaveri engine is a major milestone for the DRDO. The indigenous development of the fighter aircraft engine was achieved with the completion of its simulated operating conditions.
The production value of systems based on technologies developed by the DRDO (inducted/accepted/orders placed) during the past one decade is well over Rs 110,000 crore.
Let's take a look at some of the best technologies that DRDO has given India
Agni missile
________________________________________
Under its missile development programme, the DRDO has been developing ballistic missiles with longer ranges.
Agni-III is capable of carrying warheads weighing up to 1.5 tons, is 16 metres tall and weighs 48 tons.
Agni-I is a 750-800 km short-range missile. Agni-II has a range of more than 1,500 km. Both have already been inducted in the armed forces.
Agni-III is capable of reaching strategic targets deep inside China like Beijing and Shanghai. The 5,000 km-range Agni-V is a further advancement of the existing systems and is expected to be test-fired later this year.
Prithvi missile
________________________________________
Considered a world-class medium range missile, Prithvi, with a range of over 150 km has been inducted into the armed forces. The army had raised two specially trained missile groups, 333 and 355, to handle it.
The 8.56-metre-long missile is part of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme.
The Prithvi-I (150 km/1,000 kg) in army service, is capable of striking about a quarter of Pakistani territory, including Islamabad and most other major cities.
Prithvi-II (250 km/500 kg), in air force service, could strike at least half of Pakistan, including almost all military targets of importance and all major cities.
Akash missile
________________________________________
Akash is a mobile area defence medium-range medium and high altitude surface-to-air missile with a range of 27 to 30 kilometres.
It is said to be indigenously developed, though it has a very strong resemblance to the Russian SA-6 GAINFUL. Akash has a multi-target handling capability, and employs a command guidance system with provision for terminal guidance. Powered by a ram rocket propulsion and an air breathing engine, Akash can cut through electronic jamming with its electronic counter measure equipment.
Akash has a launch weight of 720 kg, a diameter of 35 cm and a length of 5.8 metres. It can fly at supersonic speed of around 2.5 Mach and can reach an altitude of 18 kms. It has a capacity to carry 50 kg payload.
Orders worth over Rs 25,000 crore for surface-to-air missile AKASH have been placed by the users. These include eight squadron for the IAF and two regiments for the army.
Endo-Atmospheric Interceptor
________________________________________
The DRDO has carried out successful flight tests of the missile defence system for 2,000 km class target were carried out.
Each flight led to a direct target hit and disintegration of the target.
The interceptor, designed for endo-atmospheric conditions (up to an altitude of 30 km) is a seven-metre-long and single stage solid rocket propelled guided missile, and is equipped with an inertial navigation system, a hi-tech computer and an electro-mechanical activator totally under command by the data uplinked from the sophisticated ground-based radars to the interceptor.
Similarly, the interceptor designed for exo-atmospheric conditions is a two-stage missile with a maximum interception altitude of 80 km
Nag Anti-Tank missile
________________________________________
Nag is a third- generation "fire and forget" anti-tank guided missile with a range of 4 to 6 kilometres. Nag can be mounted on an infantry combat vehicle and helicopter launched version of Nag is also available.
Nag is a third generation anti-tank missile system with "fire and forget" and "top attack" capabilities.
Capable of defeating modern armour, Nag uses Imaging Infra-Red guidance having both day and night capability.
The state-of-the-art Imaging Infra Red homing guidance system has lock-on-before-launch capability for day and night operation.
BrahMos cruise missile
________________________________________
The BrahMos missile is a two-stage vehicle that has a solid propellant booster and a liquid (propellant) ram jet system.
The missile can fly at 2.8 times the speed of sound. It can carry warheads up to 200 kg in weight and has a maximum range of 290 km.
The missile is capable of being launched from multiple platforms based on land, sea, sub-sea and air. The modular design of the missile and its capability of being launched at different orientations enables it to be integrated with a wide spectrum of platforms like warships, submarines, different types of aircraft, mobile autonomous launchers and silos.
Thus, BrahMos block II with target discrimination precision strike capabilities has been test-fired. Similarly, BrahMos block III with capability for steep diving from high altitudes and high manoeuvres at multiple points during supersonic flight has also been test fired.
Light Combat Aircraft Tejas
________________________________________
In the area of Aeronautics, Tejas, the Light Combat Aircraft concluded its extensive flight tests including weapon trials, dropping of bombs, jettisoning drop tanks and night flights; leading to its Initial Operational Clearance on January 10, 2011.
The LCA is the smallest and lightest combat jet in the world.
Confusion may arise with respect to the South Korean T-50, but it must be remembered that T-50 is primarily a hybrid trainer, that can assume fighter roles when necessary. The T-50 has a higher height and longer wingspan than the LCA, while its length is shorter by 22 cm.
Over 1,640 flights covering a period of over 969 hours have been completed by Tejas Mark 01. The first prototype of LCA Navy was rolled out and its induction tests were concluded.
Aerial Vehicles
________________________________________
In tune with changing war of scenario, DRDO gave major thrust to develop Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Rustom-1: The Rustom 1 has a planned endurance of 12-15 hours, can carry payloads of up to 75kg and has a maximum ceiling of 25,000ft. The UAV's datalink was designed and developed by India's Defence Electronics Applications Laboratory, while its airframe and most of its electronics were produced by Indian companies.
Nishant: In a battlefield, Nishant can help army units to acquire targets to direct heavy artillery shelling and for guiding fighter aircraft to fire rockets and drop precision bombs at enemy positions and in an anti-tank role. Nishant, a remotely piloted vehicle (RPV) designed and developed by ADE, has an endurance of four to five hours and a range of 100 km in its primary roles. Flying at a speed of 40 to 60 metres per second, the UAV is capable of relaying data in real time to the army units moving forward in a battlefield condition.
Micro Aerial Vehicles: MAVs weigh only 300 grams and are 300 millimetres long. Since they are not entirely made of metal and carbon fibres, they are hard to intercept by radars and sensors. These MAVs have a range of two to five kilometres and they fly some 100 to 200 metres above the ground for 30-40 minutes and capture images.
Sudarshan Missile System And Kaveri Engine
________________________________________
Sudarshan: The Sudarshan missile has been developed indigenously to occupy the niche of a precision delivery mechanism. It can neutralise any target in a 800-1,000 km range with a zero margin of error.
Sudarshan will use a laser of a specific frequency bandwidth to locate the target. The laser creates a heat signature on the target. The missile recognises the signature and homes in on it even if the target is moving
Kaveri: The Kaveri engine is a major milestone for the DRDO. The indigenous development of the fighter aircraft engine was achieved with the completion of its simulated operating conditions.
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